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URL Encoding and Decoding using Base64 in Java - Java 147

URL Encoding and Decoding using Base64 in Java – Java 147

URL Encoding and Decoding using Base64 in Java

提供 URL 編碼器，與基本編碼器相同，唯一的區別是對 URL 和檔案名稱安全，使用 Base64 字母表進行編碼，輸出映射到一組字元A-Za-z0-9_- ，是一種二進位到文字的編碼方案， Java 8 套件 Base64 類別中提供了一個 URL 編碼器，可用於將字串編碼為 Base64，並將 Base64 字串解碼為普通字串， URL Java Encoding Decoding 本篇增加了範例，並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。

檔案目錄

./
   +- src
       +- test
       |   +- org
       |       +- ruoxue
       |           +- java_147
       |               +- base64
       |                   +- url
       |                       +- URLEncodingDecodingBase64Test.java

單元測試

Java Encoding Decoding URL 提供 Base64 URL 編碼器操作，將位元組編碼成 Base64 ，並將 Base64 字串解碼為普通字串。

encodeWithDst

建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 使用 Base64.UrlEncoder 進行編碼，將結果存放到另一個陣列。

	@Test
	public void encodeWithDst() throws Exception {
		Base64.UrlEncoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		int size = 100;
		byte[] dst = new byte[size];
		int result = encoder.encode(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()), dst);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(dst));
		assertThat(new String(dst)).containsIgnoringWhitespaces("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/
64
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==

decodeWithDst

Java Encoding Decoding URL 建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 使用 Base64.UrlDecoder 進行解碼，將結果存放到另一個陣列。

	@Test
	public void decodeWithDst() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		int size = 100;
		byte[] dst = new byte[size];
		int result = decoder.decode(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()), dst);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(dst));
		assertThat(new String(dst)).containsIgnoringWhitespaces("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/")
				.hasSize(size);
	}
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==
46
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/

encodeWithByteBuffer

Java Encoding Decoding URL 建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 包裝成 ByteBuffer ，使用 Base64.UrlEncoder 進行編碼，傳回 ByteBuffer 。

	@Test
	public void encodeWithByteBuffer() throws Exception {
		Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(byteBuffer);
		ByteBuffer result = encoder.encode(byteBuffer);
		String stringResult = new String(result.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
		System.out.println(stringResult);
		assertThat(stringResult).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==");
	}
java.nio.HeapByteBuffer[pos=0 lim=46 cap=46]
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==

decodeWithByteBuffer

Java Encoding Decoding URL 建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 包裝成 ByteBuffer ，使用 Base64.UrlDecoder 進行解碼，傳回 ByteBuffer 。

	@Test
	public void decodeWithByteBuffer() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(byteBuffer);
		ByteBuffer result = decoder.decode(byteBuffer);
		System.out.println(result);
		String stringResult = new String(result.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
		System.out.println(stringResult);
		assertThat(stringResult).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}
java.nio.HeapByteBuffer[pos=0 lim=64 cap=64]
java.nio.HeapByteBuffer[pos=0 lim=46 cap=46]
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/

encodeToString

URL Java Encoder Decoder using Base64 建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] ，使用 Base64.UrlEncoder 進行編碼。

	@Test
	public void encodeToString() throws Exception {
		Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		String result = encoder.encodeToString(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==");
	}
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==

decodeWithString

URL Java Encoder Decoder using Base64 建立一個 String ，使用 Base64.UrlEncoder 進行解碼。

	@Test
	public void decodeWithString() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		byte[] result = decoder.decode(value);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(result));
		assertThat(new String(result)).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==
[B@6aa8ceb6
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/

Base64_encodeBase64URLSafeString

建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 使用 Apache Commons Codec 套件 Base64 進行編碼。

	@Test
	public void Base64_encodeBase64URLSafeString() throws Exception {
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		String result = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
				.encodeBase64URLSafeString(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw");
	}
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw

Base64_decodeBase64WithString

建立一個 String ，轉成 byte[] 使用 Apache Commons Codec 套件 Base64 進行解碼。

	@Test
	public void Base64_decodeBase64WithString() throws Exception {
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		byte[] result = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(value);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(result));
		assertThat(new String(result)).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}
aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==
[B@2b05039f
https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/

URLEncodingDecodingBase64Test.java

URL Java Encoder Decoder using Base64 新增單元測試，驗證 URL Java Encoding and Decoding Example 是否符合預期。

package org.ruoxue.java_147.base64.url;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

import org.junit.Test;

public class URLEncodingDecodingBase64Test {

	@Test
	public void encodeWithDst() throws Exception {
		Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		int size = 100;
		byte[] dst = new byte[size];
		int result = encoder.encode(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()), dst);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(dst));
		assertThat(new String(dst)).containsIgnoringWhitespaces("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==")
				.hasSize(size);
	}

	@Test
	public void decodeWithDst() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		int size = 100;
		byte[] dst = new byte[size];
		int result = decoder.decode(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()), dst);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(dst));
		assertThat(new String(dst)).containsIgnoringWhitespaces("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/")
				.hasSize(size);
	}

	@Test
	public void encodeWithByteBuffer() throws Exception {
		Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(byteBuffer);
		ByteBuffer result = encoder.encode(byteBuffer);
		String stringResult = new String(result.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
		System.out.println(stringResult);
		assertThat(stringResult).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==");
	}

	@Test
	public void decodeWithByteBuffer() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(byteBuffer);
		ByteBuffer result = decoder.decode(byteBuffer);
		System.out.println(result);
		String stringResult = new String(result.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
		System.out.println(stringResult);
		assertThat(stringResult).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}

	@Test
	public void encodeToString() throws Exception {
		Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getUrlEncoder();
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		String result = encoder.encodeToString(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==");
	}

	@Test
	public void decodeWithString() throws Exception {
		Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getUrlDecoder();
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		byte[] result = decoder.decode(value);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(result));
		assertThat(new String(result)).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}

	@Test
	public void Base64_encodeBase64URLSafeString() throws Exception {
		String value = "https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/";
		System.out.println(value);
		String result = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
				.encodeBase64URLSafeString(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw");
	}

	@Test
	public void Base64_decodeBase64WithString() throws Exception {
		String value = "aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVveHVlLm9yZy9qYXZhLWxlYXJuL2phdmEtYmFzZTY0Lw==";
		System.out.println(value);
		byte[] result = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(value);
		System.out.println(result);
		System.out.println(new String(result));
		assertThat(new String(result)).isEqualTo("https://www.ruoxue.org/java-learn/java-base64/");
	}
}

心得分享

URL Java Encoding and Decoding Example 使用 URL 編碼器，將字串編碼為 Base64，首先將字串轉換為 byte 陣列，然後使用 Base64.UrlEncoder 將 byte 陣列傳給 encode 方法，反之要解碼 Base64 編碼的字串，則使用 Base64.UrlDecoder ，將字串傳給 decode 方法，取得 byte 陣列，提供 URL Java Encoder Decoder using Base64 工具類別的靜態方法，使用基本編碼器，進行編碼解碼的操作。

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