Table of Contents
ToggleUnaryOperator in Java with Examples
只有一個抽象方法的接口,定義了 apply 方法,可以在一個元素上測試或應用一些操作,常用於物件轉換或數字運算,例如:取得字串長度、數字加減乘除運算,取代傳統實作接口的方法,讓程式碼更加簡潔和易讀, UnaryOperator in Java 本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface UnaryOperator<T> extends Function<T, T> {
static <T> UnaryOperator<T> identity() {
return t -> t;
}
}
檔案目錄
./
+- src
+- test
| +- org
| +- ruoxue
| +- java_147
| +- functional
| +- unaryoperator
| +- UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.java
單元測試
UnaryOperator Java 提供 apply 、 andThen 、 compose 條件或組合成鏈式判斷等操作 UnaryOperator 。
Food
Function Interface Java 建立 Food 類別,覆寫 equals 、 hashCode ,定義屬性和方法,用來建立一個物件。
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Food {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
return false;
}
if (this == object) {
return true;
}
Food other = (Food) object;
return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
}
public int hashCode() {
return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
}
}
apply
UnaryOperator Java Methods 建立 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入 1 個參數,執行程式邏輯,傳回物件。
@Test
public void apply() {
UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
return o;
};
Food result = addition.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(4d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = addition.apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(5d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
return o;
};
result = multiply.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(2d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = multiply.apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(6d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
{"name":"Bacon","quantity":4.0,"type":1}
{"name":"Ham","quantity":6.0,"type":1}
{"name":"Bacon","quantity":2.0,"type":1}
{"name":"Ham","quantity":6.0,"type":1}
andThen
UnaryOperator Java Methods 建立 2 個 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入 1 個參數,使用 andThen 組合執行程式邏輯,傳回物件,其中若有例外拋出,將會中斷執行。
@Test
public void andThen() {
UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
return o;
};
UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
return o;
};
Food result = half.andThen(twice).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(0.25d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = half.andThen(twice).apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(2.25d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
{"name":"Bacon","quantity":0.25,"type":1}
{"name":"Ham","quantity":2.25,"type":1}
andThenThrowException
UnaryOperator Java Methods 建立 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入參數 null ,會拋出例外 。
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
public void andThenThrowException() {
UnaryOperator<Double> half = d -> d / 2;
Function<Double, Double> function = half.andThen(null);
System.out.println(function);
}
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(Objects.java:203)
at java.util.function.Function.andThen(Function.java:87)
at org.ruoxue.java_147.functional.unaryoperator.UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.andThenThrowException(UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.java:107)
compose
UnaryOperator Java Methods 建立 2 個 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入 1 個參數,使用 compose 組合執行程式邏輯,傳回物件,其中若有例外拋出,將會中斷執行。
@Test
public void compose() {
UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
return o;
};
UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
return o;
};
Food result = half.compose(twice).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(1d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
{"name":"Bacon","quantity":0.5,"type":1}
composeThrowException
UnaryOperator Methods in Java 建立 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入參數 null ,會拋出例外 。
@Test
public void composeThrowException() {
UnaryOperator<Double> half = d -> d / 2;
Function<Double, Double> function = half.compose(null);
System.out.println(function);
}
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(Objects.java:203)
at java.util.function.Function.compose(Function.java:67)
at org.ruoxue.java_147.functional.unaryoperator.UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.composeThrowException(UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.java:129)
identity
UnaryOperator Methods in Java 建立 UnaryOperator 物件,傳入 1 個參數,傳回參數。
@Test
public void identity() {
UnaryOperator<Food> identity = UnaryOperator.identity();
Food result = identity.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Bacon", result.getName());
Object objResult = UnaryOperator.identity().apply(new Food("Ham", 2, 1));
System.out.println(objResult);
assertEquals("Ham", ((Food) objResult).getName());
UnaryOperator<Integer> intIdentity = i -> i;
int intResult = intIdentity.apply(7);
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(7, intResult);
}
{"name":"Bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}
{"name":"Ham","quantity":2.0,"type":1}
7
traditional
UnaryOperator Methods in Java 使用傳統方式,實作 UnaryOperator 接口,傳回物件。
public static class ToUpperCase<E> implements UnaryOperator<Food> {
@Override
public Food apply(Food t) {
t.setName(t.getName().toUpperCase());
return t;
}
}
@Test
public void traditional() {
UnaryOperator<Food> toUpperCase = new ToUpperCase<Food>();
UnaryOperator<Food> toLowerCase = o -> {
o.setName(o.getName().toLowerCase());
return o;
};
Food result = toUpperCase.andThen(toLowerCase).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("bacon", result.getName());
result = toUpperCase.andThen(toLowerCase).apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("ham", result.getName());
}
{"name":"bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}
{"name":"ham","quantity":3.0,"type":1}
UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest.java
UnaryOperator in Java 新增單元測試,驗證 Java UnaryOperator Example 是否符合預期。
package org.ruoxue.java_147.functional.unaryoperator;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.junit.Test;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
public class UnaryOperatorWithExamplesTest {
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Food {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
return false;
}
if (this == object) {
return true;
}
Food other = (Food) object;
return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
}
public int hashCode() {
return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
}
}
@Test
public void apply() {
UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
return o;
};
Food result = addition.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(4d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = addition.apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(5d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
return o;
};
result = multiply.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(2d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = multiply.apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(6d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
@Test
public void andThen() {
UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
return o;
};
UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
return o;
};
Food result = half.andThen(twice).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(0.25d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
result = half.andThen(twice).apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(2.25d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
public void andThenThrowException() {
UnaryOperator<Double> half = d -> d / 2;
Function<Double, Double> function = half.andThen(null);
System.out.println(function);
}
@Test
public void compose() {
UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
return o;
};
UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
return o;
};
Food result = half.compose(twice).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(1d, result.getQuantity(), 2);
}
@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
public void composeThrowException() {
UnaryOperator<Double> half = d -> d / 2;
Function<Double, Double> function = half.compose(null);
System.out.println(function);
}
@Test
public void identity() {
UnaryOperator<Food> identity = UnaryOperator.identity();
Food result = identity.apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Bacon", result.getName());
Object objResult = UnaryOperator.identity().apply(new Food("Ham", 2, 1));
System.out.println(objResult);
assertEquals("Ham", ((Food) objResult).getName());
UnaryOperator<Integer> intIdentity = i -> i;
int intResult = intIdentity.apply(7);
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(7, intResult);
}
public static class ToUpperCase<E> implements UnaryOperator<Food> {
@Override
public Food apply(Food t) {
t.setName(t.getName().toUpperCase());
return t;
}
}
@Test
public void traditional() {
UnaryOperator<Food> toUpperCase = new ToUpperCase<Food>();
UnaryOperator<Food> toLowerCase = o -> {
o.setName(o.getName().toLowerCase());
return o;
};
Food result = toUpperCase.andThen(toLowerCase).apply(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("bacon", result.getName());
result = toUpperCase.andThen(toLowerCase).apply(new Food("Ham", 3, 1));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("ham", result.getName());
}
}
心得分享
Java UnaryOperator Example 功能接口,使用 Lambda 語法,可當作其他方法的傳入參數或是引用其他方法為實例, Java UnaryOperator 提供了幾種 UnaryOperator 常見方法的操作範例,例如: apply 、 andThen 、 compose 等方法。