Table of Contents
TogglePredicate Functional Interface in Java
可當作其他方法的傳入參數或是引用其他方法為實例,使用 Lambda 語法,傳入 1 個泛型物件參數,執行完後會回傳 boolean 值,使用 and 、 or 組合成鏈式判斷, Functional Interface Predicate 介紹常見的方法引用、方法參數等操作和方法,本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {
boolean test(T t);
}
檔案目錄
./
+- src
+- test
| +- org
| +- ruoxue
| +- java_147
| +- functional
| +- predicate
| +- PredicateFunctionalTest.java
單元測試
Predicate Functional Interface 提供方法引用、參考、 Pattern 等操作 Java Predicate Functional Interface 。
Food
Predicate Functional Interface 建立 Food 類別,覆寫 equals 、 hashCode ,定義屬性和方法,用來建立一個物件。
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Food {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
return false;
}
if (this == object) {
return true;
}
Food other = (Food) object;
return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
}
public int hashCode() {
return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
}
}
Pattern_asPredicate
Predicate Functional Interface 建立一個 Predicate , List 增加三個元素,過濾符合條件的元素。
@Test
public void Pattern_asPredicate() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
Predicate<String> contains = Pattern.compile("\\wo").asPredicate();
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(contains).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
Predicate<String> startsWith = Pattern.compile("^B").asPredicate();
result = list.stream().filter(startsWith.and(contains)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(1, result.size());
}
[Bacon, Pork]
[Bacon]
methodReference
Predicate Functional Interface 建立一個 Predicate ,引用其他方法為實例,過濾符合條件的元素。
@Test
public void methodReference() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "", "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> isEmpty = String::isEmpty;
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(isEmpty).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), null, new Food("Ham", 2, 1),
new Food("Pork", 3, 1), null);
Predicate<Food> nonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<Food> contains = o -> o.name.contains("o");
List<Food> foodResult = foodList.stream().filter(nonNull.and(contains)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(foodResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, foodResult.size());
}
[, ]
[{"name":"Bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Pork","quantity":3.0,"type":1}]
methodParameter
Functional Interface Predicate in Java 建立一個 Predicate ,當作其他方法的傳入參數,過濾符合條件的元素。
public static List<String> filter(List<String> list, Predicate<String> predicate) {
return list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public static List<Food> foodFilter(List<Food> list, Predicate<Food> predicate) {
return list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
@Test
public void methodParameter() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
List<String> result = filter(list, lengthGreaterThan);
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
Predicate<Food> lengthLessThan = o -> o.name.length() < 6;
Predicate<Food> contains = o -> o.name.contains("o");
List<Food> foodResult = foodFilter(foodList, lengthLessThan.and(contains));
System.out.println(foodResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, foodResult.size());
}
[Bacon, Pork]
[{"name":"Bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Pork","quantity":3.0,"type":1}]
listOfPredicatesAnd
Functional Interface Predicate in Java 建立一個 Predicate 列表 ,使用 Stream reduce ,使用 and 組合,過濾符合條件的元素。
@Test
public void listOfPredicatesAnd() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", null, "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> nonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
Predicate<String> contains = s -> s.contains("o");
List<Predicate<String>> predicateList = Arrays.asList(nonNull, lengthGreaterThan, contains);
Predicate<String> predicate = predicateList.stream().reduce(x -> true, Predicate::and);
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, null, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, null);
Predicate<Integer> intNonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<Integer> greaterThan = i -> i > 3;
Predicate<Integer> lessThan = i -> i < 6;
List<Predicate<Integer>> intPredicateList = Arrays.asList(intNonNull, greaterThan, lessThan);
List<Integer> intResult = intList.stream().filter(intPredicateList.stream().reduce(x -> true, Predicate::and))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, intResult.size());
}
[Bacon, Pork]
[4, 5]
listOfPredicatesOr
Functional Interface Predicate in Java 建立一個 Predicate 列表 ,使用 Stream reduce ,使用 or 組合,過濾符合條件的元素。
@Test
public void listOfPredicatesOr() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "", "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> isNull = Objects::isNull;
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
Predicate<String> contains = s -> s.contains("o");
List<Predicate<String>> predicateList = Arrays.asList(isNull, lengthGreaterThan, contains);
Predicate<String> predicate = predicateList.stream().reduce(x -> false, Predicate::or);
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5);
Predicate<Integer> intIsNull = Objects::isNull;
Predicate<Integer> greaterThan = i -> i > 6;
Predicate<Integer> lessThan = i -> i < 3;
List<Predicate<Integer>> intPredicateList = Arrays.asList(intIsNull, greaterThan, lessThan);
List<Integer> intResult = intList.stream().filter(intPredicateList.stream().reduce(x -> false, Predicate::or))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, intResult.size());
}
[Bacon, Pork]
[1, 2]
PredicateFunctionalTest.java
Functional Interface Predicate in Java 新增單元測試,驗證 Java Predicate Functional Interface 是否符合預期。
package org.ruoxue.java_147.functional.predicate;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.junit.Test;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
public class PredicateFunctionalTest {
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Food {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
return false;
}
if (this == object) {
return true;
}
Food other = (Food) object;
return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
}
public int hashCode() {
return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
}
}
@Test
public void Pattern_asPredicate() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
Predicate<String> contains = Pattern.compile("\\wo").asPredicate();
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(contains).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
Predicate<String> startsWith = Pattern.compile("^B").asPredicate();
result = list.stream().filter(startsWith.and(contains)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(1, result.size());
}
@Test
public void methodReference() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "", "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> isEmpty = String::isEmpty;
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(isEmpty).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), null, new Food("Ham", 2, 1),
new Food("Pork", 3, 1), null);
Predicate<Food> nonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<Food> contains = o -> o.name.contains("o");
List<Food> foodResult = foodList.stream().filter(nonNull.and(contains)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(foodResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, foodResult.size());
}
public static List<String> filter(List<String> list, Predicate<String> predicate) {
return list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public static List<Food> foodFilter(List<Food> list, Predicate<Food> predicate) {
return list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
@Test
public void methodParameter() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
List<String> result = filter(list, lengthGreaterThan);
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
Predicate<Food> lengthLessThan = o -> o.name.length() < 6;
Predicate<Food> contains = o -> o.name.contains("o");
List<Food> foodResult = foodFilter(foodList, lengthLessThan.and(contains));
System.out.println(foodResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, foodResult.size());
}
@Test
public void listOfPredicatesAnd() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", null, "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> nonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
Predicate<String> contains = s -> s.contains("o");
List<Predicate<String>> predicateList = Arrays.asList(nonNull, lengthGreaterThan, contains);
Predicate<String> predicate = predicateList.stream().reduce(x -> true, Predicate::and);
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, null, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, null);
Predicate<Integer> intNonNull = Objects::nonNull;
Predicate<Integer> greaterThan = i -> i > 3;
Predicate<Integer> lessThan = i -> i < 6;
List<Predicate<Integer>> intPredicateList = Arrays.asList(intNonNull, greaterThan, lessThan);
List<Integer> intResult = intList.stream().filter(intPredicateList.stream().reduce(x -> true, Predicate::and))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, intResult.size());
}
@Test
public void listOfPredicatesOr() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "", "Ham", "Pork", "");
Predicate<String> isNull = Objects::isNull;
Predicate<String> lengthGreaterThan = s -> s.length() > 3;
Predicate<String> contains = s -> s.contains("o");
List<Predicate<String>> predicateList = Arrays.asList(isNull, lengthGreaterThan, contains);
Predicate<String> predicate = predicateList.stream().reduce(x -> false, Predicate::or);
List<String> result = list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5);
Predicate<Integer> intIsNull = Objects::isNull;
Predicate<Integer> greaterThan = i -> i > 6;
Predicate<Integer> lessThan = i -> i < 3;
List<Predicate<Integer>> intPredicateList = Arrays.asList(intIsNull, greaterThan, lessThan);
List<Integer> intResult = intList.stream().filter(intPredicateList.stream().reduce(x -> false, Predicate::or))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(intResult);
assertEquals(expectedSize, intResult.size());
}
}
心得分享
Java Predicate Functional Interface 除了傳統實作接口的方法,使用 Lambda 表達式實作功能,能讓程式碼更加簡潔與直接,大幅提高可讀性, Functional Interface Predicate in Java 提供了幾種 Predicate 常見方法的操作範例。