Java UnaryOperator Interface - Java 147

Java UnaryOperator Interface – Java 147

Java UnaryOperator Interface

常用於物件轉換或數字運算,也可當作其他方法的傳入參數或是引用其他方法為實例, UnaryOperator Interface 介紹 Optional 中的 map 與 Stream 中的 map 、 flatMap 等方法,了解 UnaryOperator 的不同操作和方法,本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。

@FunctionalInterface
public interface UnaryOperator<T> extends Function<T, T> {
    static <T> UnaryOperator<T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }
}

檔案目錄

./
   +- src
       +- test
       |   +- org
       |       +- ruoxue
       |           +- java_147
       |               +- functional
       |                   +- unaryoperator
       |                       +- UnaryOperatorInterfaceTest.java   

單元測試

UnaryOperator Interface Java 提供 Optional 中的 map 與 Stream 中的 map 、 flatMap 等方法操作 UnaryOperator Interface 。

Food

UnaryOperator Interface Java 建立 Food 類別,覆寫 equals 、 hashCode ,定義屬性和方法,用來建立一個物件。

	@NoArgsConstructor
	@Getter
	@Setter
	@Builder
	public static class Food {
		private String name;
		private double quantity;
		private int type;

		public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
			this.name = name;
			this.quantity = quantity;
			this.type = type;
		}

		public String toString() {
			ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
			builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
			builder.append("name", name);
			builder.append("quantity", quantity);
			builder.append("type", type);
			return builder.toString();
		}

		public boolean equals(Object object) {
			if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
				return false;
			}
			if (this == object) {
				return true;
			}
			Food other = (Food) object;
			return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
		}

		public int hashCode() {
			return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
		}
	}

Optional_map

UnaryOperator Interface Java 建立 UnaryOperator ,建立 Optional 容器,轉換容器內的值,傳回 Optional。

	@Test
	public void Optional_map() {
		Optional<String> opt = Optional.ofNullable("Bacon");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		Optional<String> toUpperCaseOpt = opt.map(toUpperCase);
		String result = toUpperCaseOpt.orElse("");
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals("BACON", result);

		Optional<Food> foodOpt = Optional.ofNullable(new Food("Ham", 1, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Optional<Food> booleanOpt = foodOpt.map(addition.andThen(multiply));
		Food foodResult = booleanOpt.orElse(null);
		System.out.println(foodResult);
		assertNotNull(foodResult);
	}
BACON
{"name":"Ham","quantity":8.0,"type":1}

Stream_map

UnaryOperator Interface Java 建立 UnaryOperator ,建立 Optional 容器,轉換容器內的值,傳回 Optional 。

	@Test
	public void Stream_map() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		Stream<String> stream = list.stream().map(toUpperCase);
		long count = stream.peek(System.out::println).count();
		assertEquals(expectedSize, count);

		List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Stream<Food> foodStream = foodList.stream().map(addition.andThen(multiply));
		count = foodStream.peek(System.out::println).count();
		assertEquals(expectedSize, count);
	}
Optional[Optional[BACON]]
Optional[BACON]

Stream_flatMap

UnaryOperator Interface Java 建立 UnaryOperator ,建立 Stream ,轉換流內的值,傳回 Stream 。

	@Test
	public void Stream_flatMap() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = String::toUpperCase;
		List<String> result = list.stream().map(toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());

		List<List<String>> nestedlist = Arrays.asList(Arrays.asList("Bacon"), Arrays.asList("Ham"),
				Arrays.asList("Pork"));
		List<String> nestedResult = nestedlist.stream().flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toList());
		System.out.println(nestedResult);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, nestedResult.size());
	}
[BACON, HAM, PORK]
[Bacon, Ham, Pork]

Map_computeIfAbsent

UnaryOperator Interface in Java 建立 UnaryOperator ,建立一個 HashMap ,內有三個元素,計算不存在的 Key 新值, Java UnaryOperator Interface Example 提供了範例參考。

	@Test
	public void Map_computeIfAbsent() {
		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("Bacon", "Bacon");
		map.put("Ham", "Ham");
		map.put("Pork", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		String result = map.computeIfAbsent("Bread", toUpperCase);
		System.out.println(map);
		assertEquals("BREAD", result);

		Map<Food, Food> foodMap = new HashMap<Food, Food>();
		foodMap.put(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
		foodMap.put(new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Ham", 1, 2));
		foodMap.put(new Food("Pork", 3, 1), new Food("Pork", 1, 3));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Food foodResult = foodMap.computeIfAbsent(new Food("Bread", 1, 1), addition.andThen(multiply));
		System.out.println(foodMap);
		assertEquals(8d, foodResult.getQuantity(), 2);
	}
{Ham=Ham, Bacon=Bacon, Pork=Pork, Bread=BREAD}
{{"name":"Bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}={"name":"Bacon","quantity":1.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Ham","quantity":2.0,"type":1}={"name":"Ham","quantity":1.0,"type":2}, {"name":"Bread","quantity":8.0,"type":1}={"name":"Bread","quantity":8.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Pork","quantity":3.0,"type":1}={"name":"Pork","quantity":1.0,"type":3}}

Collectors_toMap

UnaryOperator Interface in Java 建立 UnaryOperator ,建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,轉換成 Map , Java UnaryOperator Interface Example 提供了範例參考。

	@Test
	public void Collectors_toMap() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> key = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		UnaryOperator<String> toLowerCase = s -> s.toLowerCase();
		Map<String, String> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(key, toLowerCase));
		System.out.println(map);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, map.size());

		List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> foodKey = o -> o;
		UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
			return o;
		};
		Map<Food, Food> foodMap = foodList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(foodKey, half.andThen(twice)));
		System.out.println(foodMap);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, foodMap.size());
	}
{BACON=bacon, HAM=ham, PORK=pork}
{{"name":"Bacon","quantity":0.25,"type":1}={"name":"Bacon","quantity":0.25,"type":1}, {"name":"Ham","quantity":1.0,"type":1}={"name":"Ham","quantity":1.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Pork","quantity":2.25,"type":1}={"name":"Pork","quantity":2.25,"type":1}}

UnaryOperatorInterfaceTest.java

UnaryOperator Interface in Java 新增單元測試,驗證 Java UnaryOperator Interface Example 是否符合預期。

package org.ruoxue.java_147.functional.unaryoperator;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.junit.Test;

import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

public class UnaryOperatorInterfaceTest {

	@NoArgsConstructor
	@Getter
	@Setter
	@Builder
	public static class Food {
		private String name;
		private double quantity;
		private int type;

		public Food(String name, double quantity, int type) {
			this.name = name;
			this.quantity = quantity;
			this.type = type;
		}

		public String toString() {
			ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
			builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
			builder.append("name", name);
			builder.append("quantity", quantity);
			builder.append("type", type);
			return builder.toString();
		}

		public boolean equals(Object object) {
			if (!(object instanceof Food)) {
				return false;
			}
			if (this == object) {
				return true;
			}
			Food other = (Food) object;
			return new EqualsBuilder().append(getName(), other.getName()).isEquals();
		}

		public int hashCode() {
			return new HashCodeBuilder().append(getName()).toHashCode();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void Optional_map() {
		Optional<String> opt = Optional.ofNullable("Bacon");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		Optional<String> toUpperCaseOpt = opt.map(toUpperCase);
		String result = toUpperCaseOpt.orElse("");
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals("BACON", result);

		Optional<Food> foodOpt = Optional.ofNullable(new Food("Ham", 1, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Optional<Food> booleanOpt = foodOpt.map(addition.andThen(multiply));
		Food foodResult = booleanOpt.orElse(null);
		System.out.println(foodResult);
		assertNotNull(foodResult);
	}

	@Test
	public void Stream_map() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		Stream<String> stream = list.stream().map(toUpperCase);
		long count = stream.peek(System.out::println).count();
		assertEquals(expectedSize, count);

		List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Stream<Food> foodStream = foodList.stream().map(addition.andThen(multiply));
		count = foodStream.peek(System.out::println).count();
		assertEquals(expectedSize, count);
	}

	@Test
	public void Stream_flatMap() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = String::toUpperCase;
		List<String> result = list.stream().map(toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, result.size());

		List<List<String>> nestedlist = Arrays.asList(Arrays.asList("Bacon"), Arrays.asList("Ham"),
				Arrays.asList("Pork"));
		List<String> nestedResult = nestedlist.stream().flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toList());
		System.out.println(nestedResult);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, nestedResult.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void Map_computeIfAbsent() {
		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("Bacon", "Bacon");
		map.put("Ham", "Ham");
		map.put("Pork", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> toUpperCase = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		String result = map.computeIfAbsent("Bread", toUpperCase);
		System.out.println(map);
		assertEquals("BREAD", result);

		Map<Food, Food> foodMap = new HashMap<Food, Food>();
		foodMap.put(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Bacon", 1, 1));
		foodMap.put(new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Ham", 1, 2));
		foodMap.put(new Food("Pork", 3, 1), new Food("Pork", 1, 3));
		UnaryOperator<Food> addition = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() + 3);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> multiply = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * 2);
			return o;
		};
		Food foodResult = foodMap.computeIfAbsent(new Food("Bread", 1, 1), addition.andThen(multiply));
		System.out.println(foodMap);
		assertEquals(8d, foodResult.getQuantity(), 2);
	}

	@Test
	public void Collectors_toMap() {
		int expectedSize = 3;
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Bacon", "Ham", "Pork");
		UnaryOperator<String> key = s -> s.toUpperCase();
		UnaryOperator<String> toLowerCase = s -> s.toLowerCase();
		Map<String, String> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(key, toLowerCase));
		System.out.println(map);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, map.size());

		List<Food> foodList = Arrays.asList(new Food("Bacon", 1, 1), new Food("Ham", 2, 1), new Food("Pork", 3, 1));
		UnaryOperator<Food> foodKey = o -> o;
		UnaryOperator<Food> half = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() / 2);
			return o;
		};
		UnaryOperator<Food> twice = o -> {
			o.setQuantity(o.getQuantity() * o.getQuantity());
			return o;
		};
		Map<Food, Food> foodMap = foodList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(foodKey, half.andThen(twice)));
		System.out.println(foodMap);
		assertEquals(expectedSize, foodMap.size());
	}
}

心得分享

Java UnaryOperator Interface Example 使用 Lambda 表達式能讓程式碼更加簡潔與直接,取代傳統實作接口的方法,減少了很多程式碼,大幅提高可讀性, UnaryOperator Interface in Java 提供了幾種 UnaryOperator 常見方法的操作範例,熟悉這些方法的操作,能夠提高開發效率,節省維護上的成本。

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