Table of Contents
ToggleJava CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods
在不需要明確同步時,使用執行緒安全的方式遍歷集合,當任何修改方法,例如: add 或 remove 時,全部內容都會複製到新的內部副本中,即使發生並發修改,也可以安全的方式遍歷集合,調用 iterator 方法時,會傳回一個不可變快照備份的遍歷器, CopyOnWriteArrayList Java Methods 介紹常見的 add 、 get 、 set 、 clear 、 size 等方法,了解陣列列表的不同操作和方法,本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。
檔案目錄
./
+- src
+- test
| +- org
| +- ruoxue
| +- java_147
| +- list
| +- copyonwritearraylist
| +- CopyOnWriteArrayListMethodsTest.java
單元測試
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods Java 提供新增、取得、修改、刪除等操作列表中的元素。
readWriteThrowException
建立一個 ArrayList ,增加三個元素,多執行緒進行讀取元素時,同時寫入元素,會拋出例外。
@Test
public void readWriteThrowException() {
try {
int poolSize = 3;
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", Thread.currentThread().getId(), it.next()));
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
list.add("Grape");
});
}
Thread.sleep(2_000L);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
[12] Cherry
[13] Cherry
[11] Cherry
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:909)
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:859)
at org.ruoxue.java_147.list.copyonwritearraylist.CopyOnWriteArrayListMethodsTest.lambda$0(CopyOnWriteArrayListMethodsTest.java:33)
readWrite
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,增加三個元素,多執行緒進行讀寫元素時,能夠安全地遍歷集合。
@Test
public void readWrite() {
try {
int poolSize = 3;
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", Thread.currentThread().getId(), it.next()));
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
list.add("Grape");
});
}
Thread.sleep(2_000L);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
[13] Apple
[11] Apple
[13] Banana
[12] Apple
[11] Banana
[13] Cherry
[11] Cherry
[12] Banana
[12] Cherry
add
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,增加三個元素。
@Test
public void add() {
int expectedSize = 3;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[Apple, Banana, Cherry]
addByIndex
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,指定位置增加第四個元素。
@Test
public void addByIndex() {
int expectedSize = 4;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.add(2, "Grape");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[Apple, Banana, Grape, Cherry]
addAll
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods in Java 建立兩個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內各有三個元素,合併成為一個 List 。
@Test
public void addAll() {
int expectedSize = 6;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
List<String> list2 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list2.add("Grape");
list2.add("Lemon");
list2.add("Mango");
list.addAll(list2);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[Apple, Banana, Cherry, Grape, Lemon, Mango]
get
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods in Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,取得指定位置元素。
@Test
public void get() {
String expected = "Banana";
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
String value = list.get(1);
System.out.println(value);
assertEquals(expected, value);
}
Banana
set
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods in Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,修改指定位置元素。
@Test
public void set() {
String expected = "Grape";
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list);
list.set(0, "Grape");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expected, list.get(0));
}
[Apple, Banana, Cherry]
[Grape, Banana, Cherry]
remove
CopyOnWriteArrayList Functions in Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,刪除指定位置元素。
@Test
public void remove() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.remove(0);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[Banana, Cherry]
removeAll
CopyOnWriteArrayList Functions in Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,刪除來自另一個 List 中的元素。
@Test
public void removeAll() {
int expectedSize = 1;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
List<String> list2 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list2.add("Apple");
list2.add("Banana");
list2.add("Mango");
list.removeAll(list2);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[Cherry]
clear
CopyOnWriteArrayList Functions in Java 建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,刪除所有元素。
@Test
public void clear() {
int expectedSize = 0;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.clear();
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
[]
size
建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,內有三個元素,取得集合大小。
@Test
public void size() {
int expectedSize = 3;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list.size());
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
3
isEmpty
建立一個 CopyOnWriteArrayList ,檢查是否為空 List 。
@Test
public void isEmpty() {
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
System.out.println(list.isEmpty());
assertTrue(list.isEmpty());
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list.isEmpty());
assertFalse(list.isEmpty());
}
true
false
CopyOnWriteArrayListMethodsTest.java
CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods in Java 新增單元測試,驗證 CopyOnWriteArrayList Functions in Java 是否符合預期。
package org.ruoxue.java_147.list.copyonwritearraylist;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.junit.Test;
public class CopyOnWriteArrayListMethodsTest {
@Test
public void readWriteThrowException() {
try {
int poolSize = 3;
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", Thread.currentThread().getId(), it.next()));
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
list.add("Grape");
});
}
Thread.sleep(2_000L);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Test
public void readWrite() {
try {
int poolSize = 3;
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", Thread.currentThread().getId(), it.next()));
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
list.add("Grape");
});
}
Thread.sleep(2_000L);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Test
public void add() {
int expectedSize = 3;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void addByIndex() {
int expectedSize = 4;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.add(2, "Grape");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void addAll() {
int expectedSize = 6;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
List<String> list2 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list2.add("Grape");
list2.add("Lemon");
list2.add("Mango");
list.addAll(list2);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void get() {
String expected = "Banana";
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
String value = list.get(1);
System.out.println(value);
assertEquals(expected, value);
}
@Test
public void set() {
String expected = "Grape";
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list);
list.set(0, "Grape");
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expected, list.get(0));
}
@Test
public void remove() {
int expectedSize = 2;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.remove(0);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void removeAll() {
int expectedSize = 1;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
List<String> list2 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list2.add("Apple");
list2.add("Banana");
list2.add("Mango");
list.removeAll(list2);
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void clear() {
int expectedSize = 0;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
list.clear();
System.out.println(list);
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void size() {
int expectedSize = 3;
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list.size());
assertEquals(expectedSize, list.size());
}
@Test
public void isEmpty() {
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
System.out.println(list.isEmpty());
assertTrue(list.isEmpty());
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");
System.out.println(list.isEmpty());
assertFalse(list.isEmpty());
}
}
心得分享
CopyOnWriteArrayList Functions in Java 不在原有記憶體區塊中進行寫入操作,而是將記憶體拷貝一份,在新的記憶體中進行寫操作,寫完之後,利用加鎖保證同步,將指針指向新的記憶體,原來的記憶體就可以被回收掉,這是一種用於程式設計中的最佳化策略,是一種延時懶惰策略,提供了幾種 CopyOnWriteArrayList 常見方法的操作範例,在應用上相當廣泛,熟悉 CopyOnWriteArrayList Methods in Java 這些方法的操作,可以快速撰寫程式,降低錯誤率。