Table of Contents
ToggleJava Collectors reducing Method
能夠以多種方式收集 Stream ,由於歸約是一種非常常見的操作,是函數式程式設計中最常見和最強大的運算之一,提供了一種對 Stream 所有元素進行操作的歸約方法,通過 reducing 方法減少元素,將流收集到縮減值列表中相關聯, Reducing Java Collectors 介紹常見的 reducing 等方法,本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。
public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> reducing(BinaryOperator<T> op) {
}
public static <T> Collector<T, ?, T> reducing(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> op) {
}
public static <T, U> Collector<T, ?, U> reducing(U identity, Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper,
BinaryOperator<U> op) {
}
檔案目錄
./
+- src
+- test
| +- org
| +- ruoxue
| +- java_147
| +- collector
| +- CollectorsReducingTest.java
單元測試
Collectors Reducing Java 提供將一種類型元素的 Collector ,歸約操作為接受另一種類型元素的 Collector 。
Fruit
建立 Fruit 類別,覆寫 toString ,定義屬性和方法,用來建立一個物件。
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Fruit {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Fruit(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
}
withMaxBy
Collectors Reducing Java 建立一個 List ,增加三個元素,轉換成元素屬性,取得最大值。
@Test
public void withMaxBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig", "Guava");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(String::length);
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Optional<String> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(binaryOperator));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Blueberry", result.get());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(Fruit::getQuantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Optional<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(fruitBinaryOperator));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, fruitResult.get().getQuantity(), 0);
}
Optional[Blueberry]
Optional[{"name":"Blueberry","quantity":1.7976931348623157E308,"type":1}]
withMinBy
Collectors Reducing Java 建立一個 List ,增加三個元素,轉換成元素屬性,取得最小值。
@Test
public void withMinBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(e -> e.length());
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.minBy(comparator);
Optional<String> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(binaryOperator));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Fig", result.get());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(e -> e.quantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.minBy(fruitComparator);
Optional<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(fruitBinaryOperator));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(-1, fruitResult.get().getQuantity(), 0);
}
Optional[Fig]
Optional[{"name":"Melon","quantity":-1.0,"type":3}]
withGroupingBy
Collectors Reducing Java 建立一個 List ,增加三個元素,根據屬性對元素分組,再轉換成元素屬性,傳回 Map , Java Collectors Reducing 提供範例參考。
@Test
public void withGroupingBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Guava", "Melon", "Fig");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(String::length);
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Map<Integer, String> result = list.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length, Collectors.reducing("", binaryOperator)));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Blueberry", result.get(9));
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(Fruit::getQuantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Map<Integer, Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(
Collectors.groupingBy(Fruit::getType, Collectors.reducing(new Fruit("", 0d, 0), fruitBinaryOperator)));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(2, fruitResult.size());
}
{3=Fig, 5=Guava, 9=Blueberry}
{1={"name":"Blueberry","quantity":1.7976931348623157E308,"type":1}, 3={"name":"","quantity":0.0,"type":0}}
withPartitioningBy
Java Collectors Reducing 建立一個 List ,增加三個元素,分區符合條件的元素,再轉換成元素屬性,傳回 Map , Java Collectors Reducing 提供範例參考。
@Test
public void withPartitioningBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig", "Guava");
Comparator<Integer> comparator = Comparator.comparingInt(i -> i);
BinaryOperator<Integer> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Map<Boolean, Integer> result = list.stream().collect(
Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length() > 3, Collectors.reducing(0, String::length, binaryOperator)));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(9, result.get(Boolean.TRUE).intValue());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Double> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparingDouble(d -> d);
BinaryOperator<Double> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Map<Boolean, Double> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(
e -> e.name.length() > 3, Collectors.reducing(0d, Fruit::getQuantity, fruitBinaryOperator)));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(2, fruitResult.size());
}
{false=3, true=9}
{false=3.0, true=1.7976931348623157E308}
CollectorsReducingTest.java
Collectors Reducing Example 新增單元測試,驗證 Java Collectors Reducing 是否符合預期。
package org.ruoxue.java_147.collector;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.junit.Test;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
public class CollectorsReducingTest {
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
public static class Fruit {
private String name;
private double quantity;
private int type;
public Fruit(String name, double quantity, int type) {
this.name = name;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.type = type;
}
public String toString() {
ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
builder.append("name", name);
builder.append("quantity", quantity);
builder.append("type", type);
return builder.toString();
}
}
@Test
public void withMaxBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(String::length);
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Optional<String> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(binaryOperator));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Blueberry", result.get());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(Fruit::getQuantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Optional<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(fruitBinaryOperator));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, fruitResult.get().getQuantity(), 0);
}
@Test
public void withMinBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(e -> e.length());
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.minBy(comparator);
Optional<String> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(binaryOperator));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Fig", result.get());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(e -> e.quantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.minBy(fruitComparator);
Optional<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(fruitBinaryOperator));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(-1, fruitResult.get().getQuantity(), 0);
}
@Test
public void withGroupingBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Guava", "Melon", "Fig");
Comparator<String> comparator = Comparator.comparing(String::length);
BinaryOperator<String> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Map<Integer, String> result = list.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length, Collectors.reducing("", binaryOperator)));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals("Blueberry", result.get(9));
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Fruit> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparing(Fruit::getQuantity);
BinaryOperator<Fruit> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Map<Integer, Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(
Collectors.groupingBy(Fruit::getType, Collectors.reducing(new Fruit("", 0d, 0), fruitBinaryOperator)));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(2, fruitResult.size());
}
@Test
public void withPartitioningBy() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig", "Guava");
Comparator<Integer> comparator = Comparator.comparingInt(i -> i);
BinaryOperator<Integer> binaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(comparator);
Map<Boolean, Integer> result = list.stream().collect(
Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length() > 3, Collectors.reducing(0, String::length, binaryOperator)));
System.out.println(result);
assertEquals(9, result.get(Boolean.TRUE).intValue());
List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
Comparator<Double> fruitComparator = Comparator.comparingDouble(d -> d);
BinaryOperator<Double> fruitBinaryOperator = BinaryOperator.maxBy(fruitComparator);
Map<Boolean, Double> fruitResult = fruitList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(
e -> e.name.length() > 3, Collectors.reducing(0d, Fruit::getQuantity, fruitBinaryOperator)));
System.out.println(fruitResult);
assertEquals(2, fruitResult.size());
}
}
心得分享
Java Collectors Reducing 對 Stream 的操作會產生結果,並且通常會傳回另一個 Stream ,提供了幾種 Collectors 常見方法的操作範例,在應用上相當廣泛,熟悉 Collectors Reducing Example 這些方法的操作,例如: reducing 等方法,實現操作 List 、 Set 、 Map 更加便利的方法。