Collectors Class in Java with Examples - Java 147

Collectors Class in Java with Examples – Java 147

Collectors Class in Java with Examples

是 JDK 中的實用類之一,包含很多實用函數,主要與 Stream API 一起使用作為終端方法,操作會因某些結果而終止,與收集器相關的函數通常在 collect() 方法中使用,提供了許多靜態方法運用, Collectors Class in Java 介紹常見的 counting 、 joining 、 mapping 、 reducing 等方法,本篇增加了範例,並透過單元測試來驗證產出結果。

檔案目錄

./
   +- src
       +- test
       |   +- org
       |       +- ruoxue
       |           +- java_147
       |               +- collector
       |                   +- CollectorsWithExamplesTest.java   

單元測試

Class Collectors Java 收集器類別工具,提供計數、連接字串、轉換、計算等操作集合中的元素。

Fruit

建立 Fruit 類別,覆寫 toString ,定義屬性和方法,用來建立一個物件。

	@NoArgsConstructor
	@Getter
	@Setter
	@Builder
	public static class Fruit {
		private String name;
		private double quantity;
		private int type;

		public Fruit(String name, double quantity, int type) {
			this.name = name;
			this.quantity = quantity;
			this.type = type;
		}

		public String toString() {
			ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
			builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
			builder.append("name", name);
			builder.append("quantity", quantity);
			builder.append("type", type);
			return builder.toString();
		}
	}

counting

Class Collectors Java 建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,計算符合條件元素的個數。

	@Test
	public void counting() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Long result = list.stream().filter(e -> e.length() > 3).collect(Collectors.counting());
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(2, result.longValue());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		Long fruitResult = fruitList.stream().filter(e -> e.getQuantity() > 0).collect(Collectors.counting());
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(2, fruitResult.longValue());
	}
2
2

collectingAndThen

Class Collectors Java 建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,特殊的收集器,允許在收集結束後立即對結果執行另一個操作。

	@Test
	public void collectingAndThen() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Set<String> result = list.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), ImmutableSet::copyOf));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(3, result.size());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		Set<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), ImmutableSet::copyOf));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(3, fruitResult.size());
	}
[Fig, Blueberry, Melon]
[{"name":"Blueberry","quantity":1.7976931348623157E308,"type":1}, {"name":"Fig","quantity":3.0,"type":1}, {"name":"Melon","quantity":-1.0,"type":3}]

joining

Class Collectors Java 建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,將元素連接成字串。

	@Test
	public void joining() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		String result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals("Blueberry, Melon, Fig", result);

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		String fruitResult = fruitList.stream().map(e -> e.getName())
				.collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "PRE-", "-POST"));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals("PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST", fruitResult);
	}
Blueberry, Melon, Fig
PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST

mapping

Class Collectors Java 建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,轉換元素。

	@Test
	public void mapping() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		List<Integer> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.mapping(e -> e.length(), Collectors.toList()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(3, result.size());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		String fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.mapping(Fruit::getName, Collectors.joining(", ", "PRE-", "-POST")));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals("PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST", fruitResult);
	}
[9, 5, 3]
PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST

reducing

Class Collectors Java 建立一個 List ,內有三個元素,元素屬性累加計算。

	@Test
	public void reducing() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Integer result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(0, String::length, Integer::sum));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(17, result.intValue());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", 1, 1), new Fruit("Melon", 2, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		BigDecimal fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.reducing(BigDecimal.ZERO, e -> new BigDecimal(e.getQuantity()), BigDecimal::add));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(6, fruitResult.doubleValue(), 0);
	}
17
6

CollectorsWithExamplesTest.java

Class Collectors 新增單元測試,驗證是否符合預期。

package org.ruoxue.java_147.collector;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

public class CollectorsExamplesTest {

	@NoArgsConstructor
	@Getter
	@Setter
	@Builder
	public static class Fruit {
		private String name;
		private double quantity;
		private int type;

		public Fruit(String name, double quantity, int type) {
			this.name = name;
			this.quantity = quantity;
			this.type = type;
		}

		public String toString() {
			ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.JSON_STYLE);
			builder.appendSuper(super.toString());
			builder.append("name", name);
			builder.append("quantity", quantity);
			builder.append("type", type);
			return builder.toString();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void counting() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Long result = list.stream().filter(e -> e.length() > 3).collect(Collectors.counting());
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(2, result.longValue());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		Long fruitResult = fruitList.stream().filter(e -> e.getQuantity() > 0).collect(Collectors.counting());
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(2, fruitResult.longValue());
	}

	@Test
	public void collectingAndThen() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Set<String> result = list.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), ImmutableSet::copyOf));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(3, result.size());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		Set<Fruit> fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), ImmutableSet::copyOf));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(3, fruitResult.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void joining() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		String result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals("Blueberry, Melon, Fig", result);

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		String fruitResult = fruitList.stream().map(e -> e.getName())
				.collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "PRE-", "-POST"));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals("PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST", fruitResult);
	}

	@Test
	public void mapping() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		List<Integer> result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.mapping(e -> e.length(), Collectors.toList()));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(3, result.size());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", Double.MAX_VALUE, 1), new Fruit("Melon", -1, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		String fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.mapping(Fruit::getName, Collectors.joining(", ", "PRE-", "-POST")));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals("PRE-Blueberry, Melon, Fig-POST", fruitResult);
	}

	@Test
	public void reducing() {
		List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Blueberry", "Melon", "Fig");
		Integer result = list.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(0, String::length, Integer::sum));
		System.out.println(result);
		assertEquals(17, result.intValue());

		List<Fruit> fruitList = Arrays.asList(new Fruit("Blueberry", 1, 1), new Fruit("Melon", 2, 3),
				new Fruit("Fig", 3, 1));
		BigDecimal fruitResult = fruitList.stream()
				.collect(Collectors.reducing(BigDecimal.ZERO, e -> new BigDecimal(e.getQuantity()), BigDecimal::add));
		System.out.println(fruitResult);
		assertEquals(6, fruitResult.doubleValue(), 0);
	}

}

心得分享

Collectors Class 基本上使用靜態方法對集合進行操作,提供了幾種 Collectors 常見方法的操作範例,Class Collectors 介紹常見的 counting 、 joining 、 mapping 、 reducing 等方法。

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